yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
holiday house; vacation home; villa; prison; jail
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
softly; gently; stealthily; secretly; to leave alone; to leave as it is
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
servant (esp. a samurai's attendant); chivalrous man (Edo period); cubed tofu (often served cold); kite shaped like an Edo-period footman; Edo-period hairstyle worn by samurai's attendants; enslavement (of a woman; Edo-period punishment for her own or her husband's crime); (arch.) he
suffix for familiar person
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
around there; near there; or thereabouts; or so; such a matter; such a thing
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work