indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
diffusion index; discomfort index; drug information
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
woman; female; feminine gender
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
tool; implement; means; furniture
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
childbirth; (giving) birth; delivery; production (of goods)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
details; particulars; whole story; sequence of events; chronology; circumstances
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
very young; little; childish; immature
leaving behind; desertion; abandonment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
nightlife districts; drinking districts
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become