indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
than; from; out of; except; but; more
largish; biggish; a little bit larger
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
gradually; steadily; slowly; little by little; step by step; by degrees
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to exchange; to swap; to barter; to replace; to substitute
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
have a good day; take care; see you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to death (bored, scared, etc.); to distraction; like crazy; like mad; so much; dying (e.g. for a drink)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
incidentally; taking the opportunity; while (you) are at it; on the occasion
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
loveable; very likeable; like very much
honorific/polite/humble prefix
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on; to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on
(work) hard; unceasingly; strenuously; assiduously; busily; ardently
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
to recognise; to recognize; to know by sight; to become acquainted with
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing