year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
purity; homogeneity; unadorned
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
shopping; purchased goods
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
to give (as a gift); to present; to confer; to bestow; to award
choosing; selecting; deciding (on)
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
present; gift; to give a present or gift
in that case; (might not be what was expected or hoped for but) if that's the case
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember