(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
H; h; indecent; lewd; (having) sex; nth year in the Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
how; in what way; how about
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
book; volume; this; present; main; head
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to