jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

11

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

4

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

2

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

1

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

3

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

2

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

2

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

1

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

4

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

5

to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine

2

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

1

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

5

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

3

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

1

in that way; thus; so; so?

1

I; me

2

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

1

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

1

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

1

so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already

1

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

1

honorific/polite/humble prefix

2

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

1

now; the present time; just now; another; more

1

to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to

1

face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour

3

how; in what way; how about

1

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

1

-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now

1

although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish

2

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at

1

and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...

2

that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?

1

after all; because; but; even; too; as well

1

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

1

to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch

1

what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few

1

to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend

1

always; all the time; never; usual; regular

1

(some) more; even more; longer; further

1

approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like

1

work; job; labor; work

2

what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any

1