indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
unit; (musical) group; band
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
than; from; out of; except; but; more
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
Claus; Crouse; Klaus; Kraus; Krauss; Krausz
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
name; given name; first name
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
please (give me); please (do for me)
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something