at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
counterattack; counteroffensive; counterblow
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
firing (esp. a rocket or missile); launching; shooting; ejaculation
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
prime minister; premier; chancellor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
simultaneously striking one another (in kendo, etc.); draw; tie
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
loading; charging; filling
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
rising; ascending; climbing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
we; us; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) you (referring to a group of one's equals or inferiors)
defending to the last; desperate defence; stubborn defence
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
should; must; -able; probably; likely
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she