first come, first served; the early bird catches the worm
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
elder; senior; senior monk; dean; presbyter
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
image; figure; figure; form; image
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
in that way; thus; so; so?
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamour
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to pull up; to drag up; to increase; to raise (e.g. taxes); to withdraw; to leave; to promote (someone to a higher position)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rope; cord; policeman's rope
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to undo; to untie; to unfasten; to unlace; to unravel; to loosen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
failure; mistake; blunder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question