this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
honorific/polite/humble prefix
firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm
suffix for familiar person
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
sweet (e.g. young girls, flowers blooming); touchingly lovely; cute; pitiful; pitiable
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
great difference; major mistake
sincerely; earnestly; repeatedly; over and over; again and again
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
instead of; replacing; on behalf of
punishment; spanking; smacking; chastisement; scolding
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
desperation; despair; self-abandonment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
humour; humor; safety; health; in a good mood; in high spirits
heh heh heh; tee-hee; giggle
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
what; so-and-so; such and such; what?; wait; well, well
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
boy; son; baby boy; young man
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to