pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
suffix for familiar person
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
instead of; replacing; on behalf of
punishment (of children); spanking; smacking; criminal punishment (esp. execution; Edo period)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
chalice (for Holy Communion); Holy Chalice; Holy Grail
to cut into (a line, conversation, etc.); to force oneself into (e.g. a crowd); to fall below (of stock prices, sales, etc.); to drop below; to wedge; to play a wedge
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon); trace
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you