indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Vaizman; Weisman; Weissman; Wiesmann; Wiseman
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
instead of; replacing; on behalf of
punishment (of children); spanking; smacking; criminal punishment (esp. execution; Edo period)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
you (plural); all of you; you all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
another time; again; over again; formally; especially; intentionally
to make a fresh start; to turn over a new leaf; to call again; to visit again; to come again
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
mask; disguise; guise; mask
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
first of all; at once; for now; for the time being; anyway; at least
river; stream; River; the ... river
meeting up; gathering; assembly; set
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so