indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
suffix for familiar person
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
black; black (coffee); without cream or milk; exploitative (esp. of employees); overly harsh; boldface
Vaizman; Weisman; Weissman; Wiesmann; Wiseman
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to recall; to remember; to recollect
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage