Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicate reason; infers some protest
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
instead of; replacing; on behalf of
punishment; spanking; smacking; chastisement; scolding
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
society; the world; the times
boy; son; baby boy; young man
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays