suffix for familiar person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless
left-handedness; being left-handed
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
honorific/polite/humble prefix
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
love triangle; eternal triangle
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
anyway; anyhow; setting aside ...; regardless of ...; really; truly
(young) girl; maiden; young lady
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
instead of; replacing; on behalf of
punishment (of children); spanking; smacking; criminal punishment (esp. execution; Edo period)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
failure; futility; uselessness; x (mark); cross
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
completely exhausted; dog-tired; dreadfully weary; terribly frustrated; limp; weak
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
dango; dumpling (usu. sweet); ball-shaped object; something round; lump; group