indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
adds force or indicates command
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
suffix for familiar person
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
mask; disguise; guise; mask
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
(rock) crystal; high purity quartz
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding