indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
(rock) crystal; high purity quartz
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
suffix for familiar person
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mask; disguise; guise; mask
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you