indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
adds force or indicates command
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic