indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
suffix for familiar person
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
latte; caffè latte; radio and television
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
myself; yourself; I; me; you
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
with a pitter-patter; choked up (with emotion); heart-wringing; momentary tightening of one's chest caused by powerful feelings (e.g. parting with a loved one)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence