junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
second-year student; second-year pupil; biennial; biennial plant
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
latte; caffè latte; radio and television
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
by means of; due to; because of; according to
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
salary; pay; medical care; treatment; advance preparation
to be helpful; to help; to be of assistance; to come in handy
two persons; two people; pair; couple
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
with a pitter-patter; choked up (with emotion); heart-wringing; momentary tightening of one's chest caused by powerful feelings (e.g. parting with a loved one)
to be connected (to); to be joined together; to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through; to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result); to be lined up (e.g. of cars)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
suffix for familiar person
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
two times; twice; two degrees
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); seeker; Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
hard; tough; hardware; hard disk (drive)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
in drops; dripping; gently (sloping); sluggishly; endlessly; leisurely
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily