Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
without leaving any trace
once and for all; completely; spotlessly
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
algae; waterweed; seaweed; duckweed
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing; one's work
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to mourn for; to grieve for; to condole with (the bereaved family, etc.); to hold a memorial service for; to hold a funeral service for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
as if; as though; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest; really; completely
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
reality; actuality; hard fact
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
educational institution; school; academy; campus
trial; judgement; judgment
to climb over; to get over; to overcome (a difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to surmount; to surpass (a predecessor); to overtake
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to have one's horizons broadened
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
moderate (degree); proper (amount); temperate; suitable
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
stimulus; stimulation; impetus; impulse; excitement; thrill
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
generation of young people (esp. of the 1970s) apathetic about social issues
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to complain; to grumble; to gripe
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason