Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
without leaving any trace
once and for all; completely; spotlessly
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
algae; waterweed; seaweed; duckweed
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to mourn for; to grieve for; to condole with (the bereaved family, etc.); to hold a memorial service for; to hold a funeral service for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
reality; actuality; hard fact
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
educational institution; school; academy; campus
trial; judgement; judgment
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to have one's horizons broadened
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
moderate (degree); proper (amount); temperate; suitable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
disenchantment; apathy; spoiled fun; turn-off
generation; the world; the age
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to hit (a person); to strike; to beat; to deliver (a speech); to give (an address)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...