indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
knack; skill; bone; skeleton; cremated remains (esp. the bones); ashes
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
labyrinth; maze; mystery; dungeon
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage