indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
body; group; party; company; troupe
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if so; in that case; in that situation
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to