indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
production; output; turning out
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
fifth day of the month; five days
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
marriage ceremony; wedding; nuptials
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
security; guarantee; collateral (e.g. mortgage)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
oath; vow; pledge; covenant
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at