indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
nimble; agile; quick; quick (thinking); smart; alert
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
curse; spell; malediction
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
sluggish; languid; listless; bothersome; tiresome; pain-in-the-ass
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to attack; to assault; to assail
adds force or indicates command
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
portion; potion (e.g. magical)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
being closed; being blocked up; being occupied; unlucky direction (in Onmyōdō; due to the presence of a god such as Ten'ichijin)