indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; school; phylum; division; counter for cannons
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
inner citadel; core; center; centre
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
castle tower; keep; donjon
consists of; comprises; is made up of
this occasion; at this time; now
champion; (first-prize) winner; victor; titleholder
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
opening (a door, window, etc.); leaving open; opening up (e.g. to the public); allowing (public) access
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a little; a bit; a small amount; a little while; a short time; a moment
plan; idea; design; taste; liking; preference
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
selection; sorting; culling; screening; triage
to hold (a ceremony); to perform
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
black; dark; dark; shady; noir
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
what kind of; what sort of; what
why; how; for what reason
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat; home page (of a website)