indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
story; tale; legend; plot; storyline
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
two persons; two people; pair; couple
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
existence; being; presence
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); seeker; Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
(not) even once; (not) ever
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
intelligence; intellect; brains
to keep; to preserve; to hold; to last; to endure; to keep well (food)
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; of course; definitely
unique; peculiar; singular
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; on; above; the best; top
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...