family; members of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
what's the best thing to do?; what to do?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stick (to); to cling (to); to stay (e.g. in the office)
to emit a voice; to emit a sound; to be able to speak
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
police; police officer; police station
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
company; corporation; workplace
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to a greater or lesser extent (degree); more or less
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...