indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to make up for; to compensate for; to indemnify; to recompense; to redeem (e.g. a fault); to atone for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
family; members of a family
form; shape; figure; visage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do nothing but; to spend all one's time doing
winter vacation; winter holidays
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
annual; yearly; year (e.g. of graduation); nth year (e.g. student); order by year
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
practice; putting into practice; implementation; praxis (philosophy)