indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
juice; soft drink (usu. fruit-based); sweetened drink
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; the present time; just now; another; more
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...