too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be found; to be discovered
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rejoicing; glorification; exultation; celebration; enjoyment; singing praises
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
self-study; teaching oneself; studying by oneself (at school) while the teacher is absent
to announce; to tell; to sentence; to order
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
aliteracy; loss of interest in or shift away from reading (especially serious) books or literature
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
delightful; joyous; joyful; happy; desirable; welcome
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work