here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
Kumamoto (city, prefecture)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
heat; hot air; enthusiasm; excitement; fever
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
pitcher; pitcher (container); jug
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
match; game; bout; contest
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish