indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
to throw into; to dump in together
sphere; counter for balls
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
joint; knuckle; tune; melody; knot (in wood); node in a bamboo stem
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to name; to call; to christen; to term
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be found; to be discovered
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
older sister; lass; young lady
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
fruit of a tree; nut; berry
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
stuffed toy; stuffed animal; plush toy; soft toy; cuddly toy
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till