island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
joint; knuckle; tune; melody; knot (in wood); node in a bamboo stem
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say goodbye; to bid farewell
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
person being waited for; person who waits
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
to make good; to improve; to do often; to be kind to; to treat well
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
demonstration; protest; (giving a) demo; demonstration; presentation
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to draw or pull something towards oneself (e.g. chair)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing