joint; knuckle; tune; melody; knot (in wood); node in a bamboo stem
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
in succession; one by one
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to yearn for; to long for; to follow (someone); to idolize (for virtue, learning, status, etc.)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
should; must; -able; probably; likely
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!