noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
operation (of machine); operating; running; working
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
carefree; optimistic; careless; reckless; heedless; happy-go-lucky
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
camel; camel (cloth); cloth made from camel hair; camel (color); light yellowish brown
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
(not) a soul; (not) a single person
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent