mutual aid; cooperation; benefit
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
place; position; location; position; standing; status
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
festival; feast; carnival; matsuri
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to appear to regret (an outcome, etc.); to seem bitter
opposite side; other side; over there; ahead; destination; there (somewhere distant, esp. abroad)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
cancellation; cancelling (a person, e.g. for an inflammatory remark); cancel culture
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
smirkingly; broadly (grinning)
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
summer vacation; summer holiday
half-moon; half a month; semicircle
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency