injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
please (give me); please (do for me)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
having in mind; happening to know of; idea
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily