injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
please (give me); please (do for me)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
having in mind; happening to know (of); idea (of); inkling
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
participation (in a tournament, match, race, etc.); entry; appearance (on the stage, television, etc.); exiting (a venue, train station, etc.); exit; being dispatched (of an ambulance, fire engine, etc.)
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
minority (i.e. being under age); minor; underage person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to see (someone) off; to escort; to watch (someone or something) go out of sight; to follow with one's eyes; to let (a bus, pitch, etc.) go by; to let pass; to postpone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily