this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suffix for familiar person
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
calico (pattern); tortoiseshell-and-white; calico cat; tortoiseshell-and-white cat
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
clothes (that one is wearing); wearing clothes
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client