indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass
recklessness; daredevilry; rashness; (arch.) long-lasting
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
great; grand; magnificent; outstanding; mighty
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
supreme; sublime; highest
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
the five skandhas (matter, sensation, perception, mental formations and consciousness); the five aggregates
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
second (time unit); assistant; helper; second
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
unification; bringing together; generalization; control; supervision
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
adds force or indicates command
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
because of; owing to; due to
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
no!; no no!; no, not at all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
girl; lass; young thing; chick
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...