indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sacred place; holy ground; the Holy Land; real-life location used as a setting in a novel, film, anime, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
very young; little; childish; immature
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
scene; spectacle; sight; view
to be reminded of; to call to mind
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
training; drill; practice; practising; discipline