indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
no!; no no!; no, not at all
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to absorb; to soak up
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
ear cleaning; cleaning one's ears
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen