indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
adds force or indicates command
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
suffix for familiar person
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?