to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
moving about; stirring about
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
decoy (for hunting); stool
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
two persons; two people; pair; couple
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
after all; in the end; anyway; (cannot) possibly; (not) at all; (not) by any means
gunshot; bullet; lost messenger; truant messenger; bull's-eye (candy)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
older brother; elder brother
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
100,000; hundred thousand
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet