indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays