excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shelf; ledge; rack; trellis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
row; line; company (of someone); group; sequence; counter for rows
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
to speak frankly; to put things bluntly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
bookstore; bookshop; publisher; main building
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...