force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
head; lead; vanguard; first
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
anyway; either way; one way or the other; whichever; whatever
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
beyond this point; from now on; after this
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare
to be needed; to be wanted
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ascent; climbing; ascending (path); upbound (esp. toward Tokyo)
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind