indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
conduct; behaviour; movements; gesture; performance (on stage, etc.); dance
thoughtless; reckless; rash; excessive; unreasonable; immoderate
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
good bye; I'm off; see you later
to behave; to conduct oneself; to act; to treat (someone) to (food or drink); to entertain (e.g. to lunch)
calm mind; placid temperament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
myself; yourself; I; me; you
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to conceal; to keep secret; to cover up
as a child; when one was a child
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
daydream; fantasy; fancy; vision
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding