indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
supreme ruler; conqueror; champion; winner; titleholder
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
how much; how many; however
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
throat; singing voice; gutter (inner margins of a book)
suffix for familiar person
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
table; desk; counter for tables, desks, etc.; offering table before an altar (sometimes used in tea ceremony); tabletop incense burner
second in command (of an army); vice-captain; fourth athlete to compete in a 5-on-5 team competition (kendo, judo, etc.)
war; battle; match; game; competition
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
professional; pro; program; production; proletarian; proletariat
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
don't you think?; indicates question
stuffed toy; stuffed animal; plush toy; soft toy; cuddly toy
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out