indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
drawing a tile from the wall; win with a self-drawn tile; winning off a self-drawn tile while completely concealed (meld); winning off a self-drawn tile without having called any tiles
rīchi; declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed; being one step away from completing something (winning, losing, game over, etc.)
(playing) a game of go, shogi or chess, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
suffix for familiar person
with a slap; with a pop; without batting an eyelid; generously; cutesy suffix applied to names
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; providing fully
tile that has not been discarded once yet
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
team competition; team game
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing